2001: A Space Odyssey is a science-fiction narrative, produced in 1968 as both a novel, written by Arthur C. Clarke, and a film, directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is a part of Clarke's Space Odyssey series. Both the novel and the film are partially based on Clarke's short stories The Sentinel, written in 1948 as an entry in a BBC short story competition, and Encounter in the Dawn, published in 1953 in the magazine Amazing Stories.
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After deciding on Clarke's 1948 short story "The Sentinel" as the starting point, and with the themes of man's relationship with the universe in mind, Clarke sold Kubrick five more of his stories to use as background materials for the film. These included "Breaking Strain", "Out of the Cradle, Endlessly Orbiting...", "Who’s There?", "Into the Comet", and "Before Eden".[1] Additionally, important elements from two more Clarke stories, "Encounter at Dawn" and (to a somewhat lesser extent) "Rescue Party" made their way into the finished project.[2]
The monolith, as a central theme in the movie, has been cited as a sort of Von Neumann probe. According to Michio Kaku[3], Kubrick was intending to include a brief scene indicating the monolith as a sort of alien spacecraft; however, Kubrick decided to cut that scene out shortly before the film's release.
Clarke was originally going to write the screenplay for the film, but this proved to be more tedious than he had anticipated. Instead, Kubrick and Clarke decided it would be best to write a prose treatment first and then adapt it for the film and novel upon its completion.
The screenplay and treatment were developed by Clarke and Kubrick in collaboration, which were loosely based on The Sentinel and incorporated elements from various other Clarke stories. Clarke wrote the novel adaptation independently. Although the film has become famous due to its groundbreaking visual effects and ambiguous, abstract nature, the film and book were intended to complement each other.
The story deals with themes of human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and extraterrestrial life.
The film was written by Clarke and Kubrick and featured specialist artwork by Roy Carnon.[4] The film is notable for its scientific realism, pioneering special effects, and provocatively ambiguous imagery and sound in place of traditional narrative techniques.
Despite receiving mixed reviews upon release, 2001: A Space Odyssey is today thought by some critics to be one of the greatest films ever made. It was nominated for four Academy Awards, and received one for visual effects. It also won the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Best Director and Best Film awards of 1968. In 1991, 2001: A Space Odyssey was deemed culturally significant by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.
A musical score was commissioned for the film and composed by Alex North, but Kubrick ultimately decided not to use it, in favour of the classical pieces he used as guides during shooting. These included Richard Strauss's Also Sprach Zarathustra, the Blue Danube Waltz by Johann Strauss and music by twentieth-century composers Aram Khachaturian and Gyorgy Ligeti.
The novel was written by Arthur C. Clarke. It was developed concurrently with the film version and published after the release of the film. For an elaboration of Clarke and Kubrick's collaborative work on this project, see The Lost Worlds of 2001, Arthur C. Clarke, Signet., 1972.
The novel has numerous differences from the film. Most notably, the setting for the third part (of four) is not Jupiter, as in the film, but Saturn.
2001: A Space Odyssey was the name of an oversized comic book adaptation of the 1968 film of the same name and a 10-issue monthly series "expanding" on the ideas presented in the film and the eponymous Arthur C. Clarke novel. Jack Kirby wrote and pencilled both the adaptation and the series, which were published by Marvel Comics beginning in 1976.
The Space Odyssey series is a science fiction series of novels and films created from 1948 to 1997 primarily by the science-fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke and by the film director Stanley Kubrick. The series consists of two films and four novels. The two films were directed by Kubrick and by Peter Hyams, respectively. The first film screenplay was written by Kubrick and Clarke jointly, based on the seed idea in an earlier short story by Clarke (which bears little relation to the film other than the idea of an alien civilization having left something to alert them to mankind's attaining the ability of space travel). The second film had a screenplay by Hyams based on the novel by Clarke, who was not directly involved in its production as he had been with the first film. Kubrick had no involvement in any of the later projects.
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